adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially noradrenaline (norepinephrine) and adrenaline (epinephrine). Although dopamine is a catecholamine, its receptors are in a different category.
Antispasmodic: An antispasmodic (synonym: spasmolytic) is a drug or an herb that suppresses muscle spasms
Back Pain Muscle Relaxers:carisoprodol Soma, cyclobenzaprine Flexeril, diazepam Valium, Metaxalone Skelaxin, methocarbamol Robaxin
Benzodiazepine is a psychoactive drug whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. The first benzodiazepine is chlordiazepoxide. Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which results in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant and amnesic action. Drugs includes: diazepam, Baclofen,
Cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated muscle found in the walls and histologic foundation of the heart, specifically the myocardium. Cardiac muscle is one of three major types of muscle, the others being skeletal and smooth muscle. The cells that comprise cardiac muscle, called myocardiocyteal muscle cells, are mononuclear, like smooth muscle cells.
Central nervous system (CNS) is the part of the nervous system that integrates the information that it receives from, and coordinates the activity of, all parts of the bodies of bilaterian animals—that is, all multicellular animals except sponges and radially symmetric animals such as jellyfish. It contains the majority of the nervous system and consists of the brain and the spinal cord. Some classifications also include the retina and the cranial nerves in the CNS.
Massage: Massage Can work as a muscle relaxer. Massage involves acting on and manipulating the body with pressure – structured, unstructured, stationary, or moving – tension, motion, or vibration, done manually or with mechanical aids. Target tissues may include muscles, tendons, ligaments, skin, joints, or other connective tissue, as well as lymphatic vessels, or organs of the gastrointestinal system to relax your muscle.
muscle spasm: Muscles tend to seize up after an injury. Spasms can get painful and can easily limit your activities.
Muscle Spasm medication:
Amrix
generic name: cyclobenzaprine
Antiflex
generic name: orphenadrine
Comfort Pac with Cyclobenzaprine
generic name: cyclobenzaprine
Diastat
generic name: diazepam
Diastat AcuDial
generic name: diazepam
Diastat Pediatric
generic name: diazepam
Diazepam Intensol
generic name: diazepam
Fexmid
generic name: cyclobenzaprine
Flexeril
generic name: cyclobenzaprine
Gebauer’s Spray and Stretch
generic name: pentafluoropropane/tetrafluoroethane
Kemstro
generic name: baclofen
Lioresal
generic name: baclofen
Lioresal Intrathecal
generic name: baclofen
Maolate
generic name: chlorphenesin
Mio-Rel
generic name: orphenadrine
Norflex
generic name: orphenadrine
Norgesic
generic name: aspirin/caffeine/orphenadrine
Norgesic Forte
generic name: aspirin/caffeine/orphenadrine
Orfro
generic name: orphenadrine
Orphenate
generic name: orphenadrine
Orphengesic
generic name: aspirin/caffeine/orphenadrine
Orphengesic Forte
generic name: aspirin/caffeine/orphenadrine
Parafon Forte DSC
generic name: chlorzoxazone
Remular-S
generic name: chlorzoxazone
Robaxin
generic name: methocarbamol
Robaxin-7
generic name: methocarbamol
Robaxisal
generic name: aspirin/methocarbamol
Skelaxin
generic name: metaxalone
Soma
generic name: carisoprodol
Soma Compound
generic name: aspirin/carisoprodol
Soma Compound with Codeine
generic name: aspirin/carisoprodol/codeine
Valium
generic name: diazepam
Valrelease
generic name: diazepam
Vanadom
generic name: carisoprodol
Zanaflex
generic name: tizanidine
Muscle tone: In physiology, medicine, and anatomy, muscle tone (residual muscle tension or tonus) is the continuous and passive partial contraction of the muscles. It helps maintain posture, and it declines during REM sleep. It is not to be confused with the concept of toning in physical exercise.
Neuromuscular-blocking drug: Neuromuscular blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished either by acting presynaptically via the inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or release, or by acting postsynaptically at the acetylcholine receptors of the motor nerve end-plate. While there are drugs that act presynaptically (such as botulinum toxin and tetrodotoxin), the clinically-relevant drugs work postsynaptically.
Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the synapse or junction of the axon terminal of a motoneuron with the motor end plate, the highly-excitable region of muscle fiber plasma membrane responsible for initiation of action potentials across the muscle’s surface, ultimately causing the muscle to contract. In vertebrates, the signal passes through the neuromuscular junction via the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
Neuromuscular-blocking drugs: Neuromuscular blocking drugs block neuromuscular transmission at the neuromuscular junction, causing paralysis of the affected skeletal muscles. This is accomplished either by acting presynaptically via the inhibition of acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis or release, or by acting postsynaptically at the acetylcholine receptors of the motor nerve end-plate.
Paralysis: is loss of muscle function for one or more muscles. Paralysis can be accompanied by a loss of feeling (sensory loss) in the affected area if there is sensory damage as well as motor.
Sarcoplasmic reticulum: The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), from the Greek sarx, (“flesh”), is a special type of smooth ER found in smooth and striated muscle. The only structural difference between this organelle and the SER is the medley of proteins they have, both bound to their membranes and drifting within the confines of their lumens. This fundamental difference is indicative of their functions: the SER synthesizes molecules while the SR stores and pumps calcium ions. The SR contains large stores of calcium, which it sequesters and then releases when the muscle cell is stimulated
Skeletal muscle relaxants: Skeletal muscle relaxants are used to relax certain muscles in your body and relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other injury to your muscles. However, these medicines do not take the place of rest, exercise or physical therapy, or other treatment that your doctor may recommend for your medical problem. Methocarbamol also has been used to relieve some of the muscle problems caused by tetanus. Skeletal muscle relaxants act in the central nervous system (CNS) to produce their muscle relaxant effects.
Skeletal muscle relaxant —Carisoprodol; Chlorphenesin; Chlorzoxazone; Metaxalone; Methocarbamol.
Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle. It is divided into two sub-groups; the single-unit (unitary) and multiunit smooth muscle. Within single-unit smooth muscle tissues, the autonomic nervous system innervates a single cell within a sheet or bundle and the action potential is propagated by gap junctions to neighboring cells such that the whole bundle or sheet contracts as a syncytium
smooth muscle relaxant: a pharmacologic agent, such as an antispasmodic, bronchodilator, or vasodilator, that reduces the tension or tone of smooth (involuntary) muscle;
Spasticity: is a feature of altered skeletal muscle performance occurring in disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) impacting the upper motor neuron in the form of a lesion. When there is a loss of descending inhibition from the brain to the spinal cord, such that muscles become overactive, this loss of inhibitory control can cause an ongoing level of contraction, with decreased ability for the affected individual to volitionally control the muscle contraction, and increased resistance felt on passive stretch. Drugs include: carisoprodol, cyclobenzaprine, metaxalone, methocarbamol, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine, gabapentin, metaxalone, and orphenadrine.
